MacOS 12.4: Safari won't open new window

Over the past two weeks, I've been unable to open a new window in Safari. When I open the application, I see the dot under the icon and the menu text but no window. If I click Bookmarks > Show Start Page, the window opens but is completely grey without any content. Safari also won't open in Safe Mode.

System Info:

Macbook Pro, 13in, 2020

MacOS 12.4

Safari 15.5

Attempted troubleshooting steps:

Boot into recovery mode and perform first aid on all volumes

Open in Safe Mode

Clear cache, *.plist, and settings files

Confirm network settings

Turn off Safari extensions

Install all OS and App updates

It appears that my Safari is somehow corrupt. It is not feasible for me to reinstall MacOS, and cannot find another way to reinstall Safari. Any suggestions?