Refund

After you request a refund you'll receive an email update within 48 hours about whether your refund has been granted. If your request is granted, the time it takes for the money to appear on your account or statement depends on the payment method. Refunds go back to the method used to make the payment originally.

- Store credit: 48 hours

- Mobile phone billing: Up to 60 days

- Other payment methods: Up to 30 days for it to appear on a statement.

You can also sign into https://reportaproblem.apple.com to check if the status of your item is "Refunded".

If you want to read what Apple actually says, read this document: 'How long refunds from the App Store or other Apple services take' --> https://support.apple.com/HT210904

If you need to contact Apple about this, click on this link --> https://support.apple.com/choose-country-region/media-services and choose a path that gets assistance from iTunes Store staff.

If the charge was using your debit card and the debit card number is still correct it shouldn’t matter if the card is no longer associated with your Apple ID. But the refund will go to the card, not your bank account, so check the card balance.

Here’s information on timing→How long refunds from the App Store or other Apple services take - Apple Support

If the card is still active then Apple will try to refund it as per "Refunds go back to the method used to make the payment originally" in my first reply. If it isn't then they may issue you with a credit in your Apple ID balance.