How do I recover notes I directly deleted from iCloud.

If the Notes are not in the recently deleted folder under iCloud Notes, they are gone for good. If by some chance, you were not using iCloud Notes but were using the On my (device type here) instead, the notes may be in your backup. You could try restoring the backup in order to recover the deleted notes. When you restore a backup, you overwrite the current contents n the device.

You should find them in Recently Deleted folder to recover the notes.

If it's not there then it's gone, deleted.