Icloud photos from old phone

The answer will depend on where exactly the photos were stored - iCloud or solely on-device. Do you remember? If the photos were stored on the latter, then once the device is still operational you can access them on-device or restore from a backup providing you were backing them up on a regular basis.

If they were stored on the former, then you can login to the device with your Apple ID & password, enable iCloud Photos, and you should see them in the Photos app. Alternatively you can see them via login to www.icloud.com.