How did you copy those files? Did you manually moved them by dragging & dropping?
Did the old OS contain multiple user accounts? Then maybe the user IDs for the user accounts on the new install are different so macOS thinks someone else "owns" those files. You can reset the permissions on those files by using the information in this Apple article:
https://support.apple.com/en-in/guide/mac-help/mchlp1203/mac
It doesn't sound like you are performing frequent & regular backups if you are manually copying files to an external drive when reinstalling macOS. You should always have frequent & regular backups in order to protect your important files in case you make an accidental & catastrophic change to their contents, or accidentally delete the files. Drives will fail sooner or later and it is impossible to recover accidentally deleted data from an SSD plus an SSD can fail at any time without any warning signs. Most newer Macs have their SSDs soldered to the Logic Board so that makes it even more imperative to have good backups. It is much cheaper & more reliable to spend money on external backup drives than hoping a professional data recovery service can recover your files for much more money than an external drive costs.